Introduction to Basic Language Syntax - Naresh IT

 

Python Basics: Variable Declarations, Data Types, and Control Structures

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1. Variable Declarations in Python

Unlike other languages like Java or C++, Python does not require explicit variable declaration with a specific data type. You can directly assign a value to a variable.

Syntax for Variable Declaration:

python

variable_name = value

 Python is dynamically typed, meaning the type is inferred automatically.

Examples:

python

name = "Grace"       # String
age = 22            # Integer
price = 99.99       # Float
is_student = True   # Boolean
fruits = ["Apple", "Banana"]  # List

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2. Data Types in Python

Python has several built-in data types. Some common ones are:

Data Type	Example	Description
int	x = 10	Whole numbers
float	y = 3.14	Decimal numbers
str	name = "Sruthi"	Text (String)
bool	status = True	Boolean values (True/False)
list	fruits = ["Apple", "Banana"]	Ordered, mutable collection
tuple	coords = (4, 5)	Ordered, immutable collection
set	unique_nums = {1, 2, 3}	Unordered, unique items
dict	student = {"name": "Grace", "age": 22}	Key-Value pairs

Example of Type Checking:

python

x = 10
print(type(x))  # Output: <class 'int'>

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3. Control Structures in Python

Control structures allow us to control the flow of execution.

A. Conditional Statements (if, elif, else)

Used for decision-making.

python

age = 18

if age >= 18:
    print("You are an adult.")
elif age > 12:
    print("You are a teenager.")
else:
    print("You are a child.")

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B. Looping Structures

Loops help execute code multiple times.

1. for Loop:
Used for iterating over sequences (list, tuple, range, etc.).

python

for i in range(1, 6):  # Loops from 1 to 5
    print(i)

2. while Loop:
Runs until the condition is False.

python

count = 1
while count <= 5:
    print(count)
    count += 1

3. Loop Control Statements:

• break → Exits the loop early.
• continue → Skips the current iteration.
• pass → Placeholder, does nothing.

python

for i in range(5):
    if i == 3:
        continue  # Skips 3
    print(i)

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